Introduction

Firstly, we conduct "Self-Funded" Research in various fields in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), and related subjects and topics, in order to help advance Scientific Knowledge and STEM Education for our entire Human Species in the 21st Century, and beyond.

Secondly, we provide FREE Information, Data, Images, and Videos about various subjects and topics focused on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), and related subjects and topics, to the General Public, Educational (Academic) Institutions, Research Organizations, etc.

HubBucket Inc ("HubBucket") is a "Self-Funded" Scientific Research Organization located in New York State (NYS); United States of America (USA). Please take a few moments to read our Terms and Conditions (page), Privacy Policy (page), and Zero Tolerance Policy (page), located on this website.

Our Scientific Research includes but is not limited to, Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cosmology, Planetary Science, Astrobiology, Astrochemistry, Fusion Research, Quantum Computing, and related fields that explores the Universe, its contents, and its origins. These fields are interconnected, with Astrophysics applying physics to astronomical objects, Cosmology studying the Universe as a whole, and Planetary Science focusing on planets and other bodies within our Solar System.

Astronomy is the broad field encompassing the study of celestial objects, including stars, planets, galaxies, black holes, supermassive black holes, and more. It involves observing and describing these objects, their properties, and their movements.

Astrophysics is a branch of astronomy that applies physics to understand the physical processes and properties of celestial objects. It explores topics like star formation, black holes, and the nature of dark matter and dark energy.

Cosmology is the study of the universe's origin, evolution, and eventual fate. It investigates the large-scale structure of the universe, the cosmic microwave background, and the roles of Dark Matter and Dark Energy.

Planetary Science focuses on the study of planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other objects within and beyond our solar system. It encompasses their formation, evolution, composition, and potential for habitability.

Astrobiology and Astrochemistry are interconnected fields focused on understanding the potential for life beyond Earth. Astrochemistry, a sub-field of Astrophysics, studies the chemical composition and evolution of the Universe, including the formation of molecules in space, while Astrobiology explores the origins, evolution, and distribution of life in the Universe, including the search for extraterrestrial life.

Particle Physics is a branch of Physics that studies the fundamental constituents of matter and radiation, and how they interact. It explores the smallest known building blocks of the Universe and the forces that govern their behavior.

String Theory is a theoretical framework in Physics that proposes that the fundamental constituents of the Universe are not point-like particles, but rather one-dimensional, vibrating strings. These strings, far smaller than even atoms or their components, vibrate in different patterns, and these different vibrations in nature.

M-Theory is a theoretical framework in Physics, proposed as a candidate for a "Theory of Everything" that aims to unify all physical phenomena, including Gravity and Quantum Mechanics. It is often described as a collection of five Superstring theories, and an 11-dimensional Supergravity Theory, which are all interconnected through various dualities. M-theory suggests that fundamental constituents of the universe are not point-like particles, but rather tiny vibrating "strings" or higher-dimensional objects called "Branes".

Quantum Physics, also known as Quantum Mechanics, is a branch of Physics that studies the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels. It describes a world where particles can be in multiple states at once (superposition) and can be linked together in ways that defy classical Physics (entanglement). Quantum Physics is the foundation for understanding the fundamental nature of the universe and is crucial for developing new technologies like Quantum Computing and Cryptography.

Quantum Computing is a type of computation that harnesses the principles of Quantum Mechanics to solve complex problems that are intractable for classical computers. It utilizes Qubits, which can exist in superposition and entanglement, unlike classical bits that are either 0 or 1. This allows Quantum Computers to explore a vast number of possibilities simultaneously, potentially offering significant speedups for certain types of calculations.

Fusion Research focuses on harnessing the power of Nuclear Fusion, the same process that powers the sun and stars, to create a virtually limitless, clean, and safe source of energy on Earth. It involves developing methods to achieve and sustain controlled Nuclear Fusion reactions, where atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing vast amounts of energy.

Optical Telescopes | Radio Telescopes | Gravitational Wave Detectors

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), Vera C. Rubin Observatory ( Large Synoptic Survey Telescope - LSST), James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Hubble Space Telescope (Hubble), Chandra X-ray Observatory, Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), South Pole Telescope (SPT), Degree Angular Scale Interferometer (DASI), Magellan Telescopes, Very Large Telescope (VLT), Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), etc.

Our Primary Research Includes:

Astronomy
Astrophysics
Cosmology
Planetary Science
Exoplanets
Aerospace Technology
Aerospace Engineering
Cosmic Web
The Great Attractor
Gravitational Waves
Heliophysics
Astrobiology
Astrochemistry
Dark Matter
Dark Energy
Quasars (Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources)
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)
Supernovae (Type I and Type II)
Hypernova
Blazars
Magnetars
Gamma Ray Burst (GRB)
Fast Radio Burst (FRB)
Neutron Stars
Pulsars
Nebula
Lyman-Alpha Nebulae (LAN)
Lyman-Alpha Blobs (LAB)
Cosmic Voids

Our Secondary Research Includes:

- Fusion Reactor Research
- Thorium Reactor Research
- Particle Physics / HEP
- High Energy Physics (HEP)
- Supercomputers
- High Performance Computing (HPC)
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Machine Learning (AI)
- Deep Learning (DL)
- Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)
- Cache Augmented Generation (CAG)
- Large Language Models (LLM)
- Vision Language Models (VLM)
- Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- Natural Language Understanding (NLU)
- Natural Language Generation (NLG)
- Neural Machine Translation (NMT)
- Computer Vision
- Machine Vision
- Robotics
- Robot Operating Systems (ROS)
- Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
- Computer Science
- Computer Engineering
- Quantum Computing
- Quantum Physics
- Electrical Engineering
- Mechanical Engineering
- Material Science
- Material Engineering

CERN (The European Organization for Nuclear Research):

The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN, is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest Particle Physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in Meyrin, western suburb of Geneva, on the France–Switzerland border. It comprises 24 member states. CERN is an official United Nations (UN) General Assembly observer.

The acronym CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory; in 2023, it had 2666 scientific, technical, and administrative staff members, and hosted about 12370 users from institutions in more than 80 countries. In 2016, CERN generated 49 petabytes of data.

CERN's main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research; consequently, numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN through international collaborations. CERN is the site of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider. The main site at Meyrin hosts a large computing facility, which is primarily used to store and analyze data from experiments, as well as simulate events. As researchers require remote access to these facilities, the lab has historically been a major wide area network hub. CERN is also the birthplace of the World Wide Web.

CERN Website: https://home.cern

Fermilab (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory):

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (branded as Fermilab), located in Batavia, Illinois, near Chicago, is a United States Department of Energy National Laboratory specializing in High Energy Particle Physics.

Fermilab's Main Injector, two miles (3.3 km) in circumference, is the laboratory's most powerful Particle Accelerator. The Particle Accelerator complex that feeds the Main Injector is under upgrade, and construction of the first building for the new PIP-II linear accelerator began in 2020. Until 2011, Fermilab was the home of the 6.28 km (3.90 mi) circumference Tevatron accelerator. The ring-shaped tunnels of the Tevatron and the Main Injector are visible from the air and by satellite.

Fermilab aims to become a world center in Neutrino Physics. It is the host of the multi-billion dollar Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE).

Ongoing Neutrino experiments are ICARUS (Imaging Cosmic and Rare Underground Signals) and NOνA (NuMI Off-Axis νe Appearance). Completed Neutrino experiments include MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search), MINOS+, MiniBooNE and SciBooNE (SciBar Booster Neutrino Experiment) and MicroBooNE (Micro Booster Neutrino Experiment).

On-site experiments outside of the neutrino program include the SeaQuest fixed-target experiment and Muon g-2. Fermilab continues to participate in the work at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC); it serves as a Tier 1 site in the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid. Fermilab also pursues research in quantum information science. It founded the Fermilab Quantum Institute in 2019. Since 2020, it also is home to the SQMS (Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems) Center.

Fermilab is a part of the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor. Argonne National Laboratory, which is another U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Laboratory located approximately 20 miles (30 kilometers) away.

Fermilab website: https://www.fnal.gov

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HubBucket Inc ("HubBucket") is a Self-Funded Scientific Research Organization.
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